<div data-page-id="doxcn6RsxiXGGtDPSS3flsPq2pd" data-docx-has-block-data="true"> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcneYoAEcMwCiSqaGgm5CyRUe" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;cfcac71e-f837-4e0b-b0d8-f94d5a59a936&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:641,&quot;width&quot;:1140,&quot;currHeight&quot;:641,&quot;currWidth&quot;:1140,&quot;natrualHeight&quot;:641,&quot;natrualWidth&quot;:1140,&quot;pluginName&quot;:&quot;imageUpload&quot;,&quot;scale&quot;:1,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2Fboxcn0XngldGxCPMdoe2yvIngyu%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcneYoAEcMwCiSqaGgm5CyRUe%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image&quot;,&quot;file_token&quot;:&quot;boxcn0XngldGxCPMdoe2yvIngyu&quot;,&quot;image_type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:856866,&quot;comments&quot;:[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1658474474801/1658474474801.png" width="808" height="454" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUqg6Ce06uUOW4sBJrBU0De" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">與Max Zhang一起進(jìn)行研究的工程學(xué)博士生Alfredo Rodriguez調(diào)整了一個(gè)智能恒溫器。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsUa6qGWqIge8iEhJHcNSih" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsqyOyS8CAEkKmY4bvCsqoe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">智能恒溫器 - 那些不起眼的墻壁設(shè)備，幫助房主控制用電量并節(jié)省能源 - 可能會落入一個(gè)愚蠢的陷阱。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcno84im0U2GKsue3zGj21Seb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoQkuYEaMceyOy2zJqx2dpe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">默認(rèn)情況下，智能恒溫器設(shè)置為在黎明前打開，無意中與社區(qū)和地區(qū)的其他恒溫器協(xié)同工作，以促使電網(wǎng)上無意中出現(xiàn)廣泛的能源需求峰值。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcns2cuMOIMGSsEgVYYLgj1Pd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoQM2WWEC0IyEIfK36lqzIc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">康奈爾大學(xué)的工程師們在即將發(fā)表在《應(yīng)用能源》（2022年9月）上的一篇論文中說，智能恒溫器正在為房主節(jié)省資金，但它們也在一天中的糟糕時(shí)刻啟動了整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的峰值需求。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4qUKCmaIcYiC4i8PeKpJ3c" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2KoSsSkeoac2cvJRZSUuic" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&ldquo;許多家庭的智能恒溫器在冬季的晚上會降低溫度，&rdquo;康奈爾大學(xué)西布利機(jī)械與航空航天工程學(xué)院教授馬克斯&middot;張（Max Zhang）和康奈爾大學(xué)阿特金森可持續(xù)發(fā)展中心（Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability）的凱西&middot;德懷爾&middot;大理石（Kathy Dwyer Marble）和柯特大理石學(xué)院院長馬克斯&middot;張（Max Zhang）說。&ldquo;可以在你醒來之前對溫度進(jìn)行編程，以上升 - 你會有一個(gè)溫暖的房子。這是明智之舉。但是，如果每個(gè)人都保持默認(rèn)設(shè)置，比如早上6點(diǎn)，電網(wǎng)就會遭受同步的需求高峰，這對系統(tǒng)來說并不明智。這就是挑戰(zhàn)。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnq2IkSo6AYE2augM0eAkqah" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUwkmswAIAYcCObqV2GRNpb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&ldquo;隨著我們使供暖部門電氣化以使電網(wǎng)脫碳，&rdquo;他說，&ldquo;這種所謂的負(fù)載同步將在不久的將來成為一個(gè)問題。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneYMYW4QoiiWuWixuNEZnUb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSUCo6k8EAiOge63hPNNI8c" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Zachary E. Lee博士'22是論文&ldquo;智能恒溫器在向電氣化供暖過渡中的意外后果&rdquo;的合著者。</span></div> <div class="ace-line" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwYMSmQSAS6osS6c5JmyN4b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">根據(jù)該論文，到2021年，大約40%的美國家庭擁有智能恒溫器，因?yàn)楣檬聵I(yè)公司鼓勵采用智能恒溫器。Lee和Zhang檢查了紐約州2，200多個(gè)家庭的冬季智能恒溫器數(shù)據(jù)，這些家庭以其寒冷的冬季氣候以及城市，郊區(qū)和農(nóng)村社區(qū)的混合而聞名。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqaoGmgYuEWoCGaewRnNP4g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnI2qokQQ4iwIMQjXpJNSfNc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">購買智能恒溫器的房主可以選擇與電力公司匿名共享他們的數(shù)據(jù)以進(jìn)行研究。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0uAa2iwSIooyQvklQ3Vykf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnasgS4OmyGEA28N8JjrvTne" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Lee和Zhang調(diào)查了&ldquo;設(shè)定值行為&rdquo;，并了解到大多數(shù)房主使用智能恒溫器的出廠默認(rèn)設(shè)置。作者說，有證據(jù)表明，居民仍然對如何操作恒溫器感到困惑，并且經(jīng)常無法對其進(jìn)行編程。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8sawMu2K4egQE5qd2k6soc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYcqKMikqMUsKYdvsI4eBgh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">事實(shí)上，他們的數(shù)據(jù)表明，房主實(shí)現(xiàn)的節(jié)能效果僅為5%至8%，遠(yuǎn)低于設(shè)備25%至30%的潛力。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnG0mi6SQkwYWgGs3FwBWycg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKucaGyEMqWcuIFLe3oI2be" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">如果數(shù)百個(gè)家庭的智能恒溫器設(shè)置為在早上6點(diǎn)打開，那么電網(wǎng)將在早上6點(diǎn)達(dá)到峰值，這是紐約州冬季白天前約一個(gè)小時(shí)。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0ksW4IMeC0yaoti3zJPNLd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMcwYOUCU2E0Emq1s0eESXb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">雖然設(shè)定點(diǎn)時(shí)間表旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能效益，但峰值需求主要集中在可再生能源不可用時(shí) - 根據(jù)該論文，峰值需求增加了近50%。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAIIA4868cgGyoNPRo56hjb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmW0GgAQaEOIC6Acucay6Nf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&ldquo;智能恒溫器數(shù)據(jù)顯示，每日高峰供暖需求的頻率增加，&rdquo;Lee說，&ldquo;以及整體峰值需求幅度的增加。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniSc8y0WSu2OoSObdC947Nc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEy4UcEsacOW6kCP5H40xub" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">如果沒有一種可行的方法來存儲太陽能等可再生能源的能量，電力公司將無法滿足這一峰值需求，這促使化石燃料發(fā)電機(jī)滿足電力負(fù)荷。&ldquo;這可以抵消電氣化的溫室氣體排放效益，&rdquo;李說。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2CkQWkeSWsMOSG7dNPM4Nf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYo84kkQI6600UB9sWKpBZb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Zhang指出了解決電網(wǎng)上日益增長的壓力的方法，例如教育消費(fèi)者如何使用智能恒溫器，以及錯(cuò)開早上的啟動時(shí)間。&ldquo;由于房主涉及的安全和隱私問題，問題并不簡單，&rdquo;張說。&ldquo;然而，最終，我們必須使智能恒溫器更加智能。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmuiIqki6ieiyaMGpvyRgHH" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniQ8yYywy2SYQcRT58PlA7e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">美國國家科學(xué)基金會資助了這項(xiàng)工作。</span></div> </div>