<div data-page-id="doxcn5fMIe9oOR3QfNu2OO2Mpeb" data-docx-has-block-data="true"> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMckgWY6GM4macx55HACocc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>有一些措施可以避免感染，并且有可能接種疫苗，新南威爾士大學(xué)悉尼分校柯比研究所的一位公共衛(wèi)生專家說。</strong></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn686sQC80UOKqIryRkjZD2e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcn26iaEYA0uCKq6I6garL6yg" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;c224158b-3702-435d-be36-bd9da3c109ed&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:397,&quot;width&quot;:563,&quot;currHeight&quot;:397,&quot;currWidth&quot;:563,&quot;natrualHeight&quot;:397,&quot;natrualWidth&quot;:563,&quot;pluginName&quot;:&quot;imageUpload&quot;,&quot;scale&quot;:1,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnPFsqlp8qLVNQeDbA2l7OtY%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3Ddoxcn26iaEYA0uCKq6I6garL6yg%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image&quot;,&quot;file_token&quot;:&quot;boxcnPFsqlp8qLVNQeDbA2l7OtY&quot;,&quot;image_type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:234674,&quot;comments&quot;:[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1659432943039/1659432943039.png" width="563" height="397" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnowAsmQyq288q08ttsURHph" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoIoSCEM44Wq0Udm4ED7MPe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="h6">引起猴痘病的猴痘病毒顆粒的顯微照片。圖片：美國疾病控制中心</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSiMUeGimyGccgXnNIBQKqc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <h3 class="heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcneIk2sYui2uEuQDYo0Urmnd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>什么是猴痘，在澳大利亞是嗎，我們應(yīng)該有多擔(dān)心？</strong></span></h3> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuC0q8Sc0eSUK0kJxkgoylc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnes44UAIKGCseQ3TSbj8JXe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">猴痘是一種病毒，于1958年在非洲首次被發(fā)現(xiàn)，但直到最近，在該大陸以外還沒有看到廣泛的傳播。該病毒與天花有關(guān)，但引起嚴(yán)重疾病的可能性要小得多。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqKMuSok2qkEQGGQISwRrGd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGWwCk6sGUuyKY1Uyj05Gad" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">然而，猴痘病例在近80個國家的突然擴(kuò)散導(dǎo)致世界衛(wèi)生組織（世衛(wèi)組織）宣布其為&ldquo;國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件&rdquo;。該宣言是全球呼吁通過識別、治療和預(yù)防來遏制猴痘，以防止猴痘流行。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwQeasu2Cc8CGu0ZFTYKwgb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEkGgc6mWQAey2FxDgKmf8b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">截至7月24日，澳大利亞有44例確診或可能猴痘病例。這意味著澳大利亞人應(yīng)該保持警惕，并準(zhǔn)備好對社區(qū)傳播的任何增加做出深思熟慮的反應(yīng)。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnW4UomsueSuIWYbQIFlGLef" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnA4qeQgyEOosUMPXikMC2Zf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">澳大利亞首席醫(yī)療官宣布，該國猴痘的日益增加是&ldquo;具有國家意義的傳染病事件&rdquo;。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQCSeQmaOCSE4E968ZMN5Zb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGkmwsW0uoi4WGCmWCYcPKc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">猴痘的癥狀與其毒性更強(qiáng)的表親天花相似，但更溫和。它們包括發(fā)燒，頭痛，淋巴結(jié)腫大，發(fā)冷，肌肉疼痛和背痛，以及看起來像丘疹或水泡的皮疹。這種皮疹可以出現(xiàn)在臉上，口腔內(nèi)和身體的其他部位。在目前的流行中，大多數(shù)人在肛門生殖器和口腔區(qū)域都有病變。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsc8S6Mme4uU0YnqbJZQbwf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <h3 class="heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKQO2mA6q8eAMonOS0c4Anc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>猴痘是如何傳播的？</strong></span></h3> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnK06EqEE8emqmCls96IrhIK" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaO4OQwQqK4cme68hueD8ld" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">猴痘主要通過直接接觸傳染性皮疹、結(jié)痂、膿皰和傳染性體液，以及通過呼吸道分泌物和可能的飛沫傳播。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngyysyEOcUqwSgcxnswrWXy" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnA8m6cCouYMgGeMKtA4jAud" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">從本質(zhì)上講，這意味著它通過密切的身體接觸具有傳染性。雖然它通常不被認(rèn)為是&ldquo;性傳播感染&rdquo;，但正在進(jìn)行的調(diào)查正在評估其在性液體中的存在和傳播。即使未被歸類為性傳播感染，它也很可能是由伴隨性行為的密切接觸者傳播的。它也可以通過與傳染性分泌物接觸的床單，衣服和毛巾傳播。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUk2GmCsykWkUMPve53NMob" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <h3 class="heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWm8kGoWeAiCyaiUjrrXG0d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>自最近猴痘病例出現(xiàn)以來，同性戀，雙性戀和其他與男性發(fā)生性關(guān)系的男性在美國正在經(jīng)歷恥辱。在疫情爆發(fā)期間，可以做些什么來教育反對歧視和保護(hù)弱勢群體？</strong></span></h3> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYuEE6ykksGEOy8XcKOMjHc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnC6KUIOukyUYOmimLbmyR2b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">非洲以外的絕大多數(shù)猴痘病例都發(fā)生在男同性戀、雙性戀和其他男男性行為者（GBMSM）人群中，這引發(fā)了潛在的恥辱和歧視問題。從艾滋病毒中吸取的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)表明，與受影響人口合作應(yīng)對新出現(xiàn)的傳染病，對于制定可接受的、可行的預(yù)防和護(hù)理方法非常有效。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkckWoyUKUqKYILc7dOj1je" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUkUgScaqMKq4CIEASN1l9c" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">例如，在1980年代早期，美國的男同性戀者甚至在艾滋病毒被確定為艾滋病的原因之前就倡導(dǎo)保護(hù)避孕套的性行為。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnW6s6EycYwqgSaqcCDA37xd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnq4Q6cGc8CgsGKMmLcsZVkd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">相反，污名化和歧視是預(yù)防疾病的強(qiáng)大障礙。如果疾病被污名化，有癥狀的人可能不太可能尋求醫(yī)療護(hù)理并通知可能已經(jīng)暴露的伴侶。這阻礙了預(yù)防舉措。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnG6Ewy0WeS8MIUaRV71Y0mb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnI4oYis8kIOUYQauSm1izpb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">受影響社區(qū)與決策者之間的合作可以建立信任，分享信息和制定預(yù)防戰(zhàn)略方法，并確保受影響的個人和群體能夠獲得治療和護(hù)理。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnISCCAE4ecCq0eYGdpDGRHe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMqg6osGEou004Y1EwwahNd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">目前，澳大利亞的國家艾滋病毒組織和以州為基礎(chǔ)的LGBTQ組織正在與公共衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局合作，并發(fā)布關(guān)于猴痘預(yù)防和治療的最新指南。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcno8860amoIY026aFNk9VR9g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnsmcuAa0mWIAwag2SyQYw2g" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;927ba76d-252e-47ca-8fc0-530050e0ad38&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:206,&quot;width&quot;:563,&quot;currHeight&quot;:206,&quot;currWidth&quot;:563,&quot;natrualHeight&quot;:206,&quot;natrualWidth&quot;:563,&quot;pluginName&quot;:&quot;imageUpload&quot;,&quot;scale&quot;:1,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnuNjtMAIzUFdGjQRr0IQLFd%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnsmcuAa0mWIAwag2SyQYw2g%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image&quot;,&quot;file_token&quot;:&quot;boxcnuNjtMAIzUFdGjQRr0IQLFd&quot;,&quot;image_type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:80604,&quot;comments&quot;:[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1659432927861/1659432927861.png" width="563" height="206" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSWyKkuweMMYwyyQioEk31g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoE4Y04KkAiESk9mtjxrFWd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="h6">有可能獲得猴痘疫苗。照片：Unsplash</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQSuUS4C40cCgA9ER8RAVTe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <h3 class="heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcni2CYSYOmEUQUiET9ePLfif" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>澳大利亞的弱勢群體目前能否接種猴痘疫苗？如果沒有，為什么不呢？</strong></span></h3> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2Y0AaIseaYwCMDl7v6PkLg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngsg6G8kwia8uAH2cFMlVuf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">猴痘的特定疫苗尚未得到廣泛使用，但由于病毒的相似性，為天花開發(fā)的疫苗對猴痘有一定的療效。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8SQSoGOqQQyCSUio7liB2g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkcSmWuA4aUQ4wzJwyNQ5xf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在澳大利亞，可能會增加疫苗的可及性，包括專門為猴痘開發(fā)的疫苗。天花疫苗是可用的，但考慮到副作用，特別是在免疫功能低下的人，包括艾滋病毒感染者，只建議高危接觸者使用。在不久的將來，應(yīng)該有一種沒有這些擔(dān)憂的特定猴痘疫苗，并將更廣泛地用于高危人群，包括GBMSM人群。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMeYsmcUy4gGSaG8B63HaUb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <h3 class="heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcny2Y4MWQu8IC2wPxwHY2jgg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>澳大利亞需要做些什么來防止猴痘在這里爆發(fā)？</strong></span></h3> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnW0o0qkGmkSUWkxBVJdL7Lf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuk6MwOGCmym2gvDR08YqVc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">預(yù)防措施包括避免皮膚接觸和接吻，戴口罩，避免與穿少衣服的人聚會（皮膚接觸可能難以避免）。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSom8a2CUEA0kWOeuXoEjJf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIkwwiGGIuKgofZAEln15BP" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">世界衛(wèi)生組織還建議人們 - 特別是男男性行為者 - 繼續(xù)了解該病毒，監(jiān)測自己或他人的癥狀，并根據(jù)需要尋求醫(yī)療救助。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMagSK8iaSM4AoRBZexzQub" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6acSGAyQa2YoEBOE7vmj5c" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">病毒感染者應(yīng)隔離并遵守有關(guān)獲得護(hù)理的健康指令（從道德角度來看，這種隔離應(yīng)始終伴隨著互惠提供護(hù)理，支持和補(bǔ)償經(jīng)濟(jì)劣勢）。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmGGi0wGc6Ue8OU1oDVjAog" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaIS6uKaayWeA2RKyuIbqcg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">需要衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)做好準(zhǔn)備，以確保臨床醫(yī)生知道何時進(jìn)行檢測，確保迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)病例，以便部署適當(dāng)?shù)闹委熀皖A(yù)防干預(yù)措施。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOSU2mya6KwI2S0QWfKfNtb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWiyKmk6aO6umu019D1wHUc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">一旦特定猴痘疫苗供應(yīng)充足，&ldquo;環(huán)圍&rdquo;疫苗接種等生物行為方法（為病例的所有已知接觸者接種疫苗）可能有效阻止傳播。在北美和歐洲，正在與多個伴侶一起接種GBM疫苗，并在澳大利亞進(jìn)行。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSQSu0KM4sCC86txk00pdMb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCIWyC04uqqYmauKsJcCqhf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">對于患有嚴(yán)重疾病的人，或者那些可能面臨嚴(yán)重疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的猴痘患者，澳大利亞有抗病毒藥物，盡管它們?nèi)匀皇菍?shí)驗(yàn)性的。首選的抗病毒藥物是Tecovirimat，它保存在國家藥品儲備中。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOQAEWWM0OOMWe4P0KuxYgd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnscUgUQuaQauKITT9QtJkMc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">最近接種過天花疫苗的人可能對猴痘有一定的免疫力。然而，10年前接種天花疫苗的人可能不再受到保護(hù)。對于&ldquo;環(huán)圍&rdquo;疫苗接種策略來說，這可能很重要。</span></div> </div>