<div data-page-id="doxcnu8eKGOa5UlgIUWHrJKjSff" data-docx-has-block-data="true"> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnOGKeAuks0UcQea5iHOe8Zd" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;50bc325d-ace4-485a-8375-339146c47744&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:800,&quot;width&quot;:2000,&quot;currHeight&quot;:800,&quot;currWidth&quot;:2000,&quot;natrualHeight&quot;:800,&quot;natrualWidth&quot;:2000,&quot;pluginName&quot;:&quot;imageUpload&quot;,&quot;scale&quot;:1,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnwxHQukdgRcJanP01BIgZUf%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnOGKeAuks0UcQea5iHOe8Zd%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image&quot;,&quot;file_token&quot;:&quot;boxcnwxHQukdgRcJanP01BIgZUf&quot;,&quot;image_type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:2324880,&quot;comments&quot;:[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657695321937/1657695321937.png" width="807" height="323" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneASOoe0suOoCqmkQ0IgNze" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6"><em>圖片來源：Stanford Bio-X：鮑振安博士，K. K. Lee工程學(xué)院教授，化學(xué)工程系主任;和生物學(xué)副教授陳曉科博士。 </em></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneASOoe0suOoCqmkQ0IgNze" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6"><em>六月1st，2022 - 由Kristin Lynn Sainani</em></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMQyyqE8M6OYWcLCGl2jdqe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnW2uWoUeAoAu6MZb3rhnYkc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">一種新的類似弦的植入物可以監(jiān)測大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)的波動(dòng)，就像大腦的健身追蹤器一樣。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUmA0SWcUUIgua4Yb8YceUh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQsc6g04U8wOW4vEzLvfib6" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">腦化學(xué)失衡是許多神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的核心。這些相同的大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)也在腸道健康中發(fā)揮作用。因此，斯坦福大學(xué)的科學(xué)家發(fā)明了&ldquo;NeuroString&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;一種柔軟的植入式探針，可以與大腦和腸道組織無縫連接。他們在<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04615-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">《自然》雜志最近的一篇論文中</a>描述了這種探測器。它在抑郁癥，帕金森病和腸道疾病中具有潛在的應(yīng)用。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2U04YkGGysOSK01VGwk2fd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwQIauo0CMysoEX7tlBdnHg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&ldquo;人們試圖理解大腦的主流方式是閱讀和記錄電信號，&rdquo;該論文的第一作者李金星說。&ldquo;但化學(xué)信號在大腦溝通中起著同樣重要的作用，它們也與疾病直接相關(guān)。李在斯坦福大學(xué)<a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/zhenan-bao" target="_blank" rel="noopener">的鮑振安</a>實(shí)驗(yàn)室開始并擔(dān)任博士后工作。他現(xiàn)在是密歇根州立大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程助理教授。鮑是斯坦福大學(xué)工程學(xué)院的K. K. Lee教授和化學(xué)工程系主任。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaEgW86S2geaqsbOreLo3Me" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <h1 class="heading-1 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyow8U04e8OGkgPTO6NUACd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>&ldquo;我們第一次看到來自探測器的信號是尤里卡時(shí)刻。&rdquo;</em> <em>&mdash;陳曉科博士</em></span></h1> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmc2aW0cG00MeqemBMkHdee" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">NeuroString測量多巴胺和血清素，這兩種化學(xué)信使調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)元中的電信號。多巴胺以其在大腦獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)中的作用而聞名;血清素是百憂解等抗抑郁藥的靶標(biāo)。兩者都參與運(yùn)動(dòng)，睡眠，食欲和消化。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmMi0WQWC0SAO6LEka8HT8e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWU0mioIYi2GmMjtVMWvAAb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">測量多巴胺和血清素的植入物已經(jīng)存在，但它們是由包裹在玻璃管中的剛性碳棒制成的。&ldquo;這些都是非常嚴(yán)格的探測器。它們非常脆，&ldquo;李說。植入物不僅會(huì)破碎，還會(huì)對大腦中粘稠的組織產(chǎn)生摩擦，這會(huì)使腦細(xì)胞發(fā)炎并降解植入物。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqAyyEAqOqWmOmqYkjXZt0C" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnMk2WWU8oQGGagJcfy5ddKe" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;6504eeac-8b97-47d1-a376-832eb719b4fc&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1129,&quot;width&quot;:1050,&quot;currHeight&quot;:1129,&quot;currWidth&quot;:1050,&quot;natrualHeight&quot;:1129,&quot;natrualWidth&quot;:1050,&quot;pluginName&quot;:&quot;imageUpload&quot;,&quot;scale&quot;:1,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnOM9M5uPZgZw0DfpKYH5czc%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnMk2WWU8oQGGagJcfy5ddKe%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image&quot;,&quot;file_token&quot;:&quot;boxcnOM9M5uPZgZw0DfpKYH5czc&quot;,&quot;image_type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:325213,&quot;comments&quot;:[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657695328975/1657695328975.png" width="807" height="868" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnACyeC8QUKkkEK85cfJGF7g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>李金星/寶實(shí)驗(yàn)室，斯坦福大學(xué)： 小鼠結(jié)腸中的神經(jīng)弦探針。</em></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6AyK4qykyUka2psqoQlKgd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUEWUiQw2uYiSwtiJEgqR4b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">鮑的實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)軟探針。&ldquo;我的團(tuán)隊(duì)制造軟電子技術(shù)已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間了，&rdquo;K. K. Lee教授、斯坦福大學(xué)工程學(xué)院化學(xué)工程系主任Bao說。探針由石墨烯制成，石墨烯是一種原子薄的碳形式。鮑的團(tuán)隊(duì)使用激光將李所描述的&ldquo;毛茸茸的石墨烯糾纏網(wǎng)絡(luò)&rdquo;雕刻成塑料。該塑料含有在石墨烯表面變成納米顆粒點(diǎn)的分子，可以提高同時(shí)測量多巴胺和血清素的靈敏度和選擇性。然后，他們將網(wǎng)絡(luò)嵌入到橡膠矩陣中。&ldquo;石墨烯本身不是很可拉伸，但如果它被纏繞成網(wǎng)狀并嵌入橡膠中，那么它就會(huì)變得可拉伸，&rdquo;李解釋說。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOqgY82eiKCk2IhNr9O1jsf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8kW6AKIMK4kqOegDaYW2Hh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">鮑補(bǔ)充說：&ldquo;這就像一個(gè)桐生。如果你把圖案切成，然后你可以拉伸它，你會(huì)看到某種中空連接的紙張網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這里也是一樣的，但網(wǎng)絡(luò)是由石墨烯片組成的。NeuroString具有與生物組織相同的柔軟度。&ldquo;傳感器柔軟而有彈性，就像橡皮筋一樣，植入大腦或腸道時(shí)不會(huì)造成損傷，這不僅柔軟而且不斷移動(dòng)，&rdquo;鮑說。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOKKsmWG2mWkeuMCnlub1we" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWaQYwYQkMI06iek56MGrvf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">為了測試探針，鮑的團(tuán)隊(duì)與斯坦福大學(xué)生物學(xué)，精神病學(xué)，胃腸病學(xué)和外科的科學(xué)家合作。&ldquo;我認(rèn)為這是斯坦福大學(xué)最有特權(quán)的部分：它非常開放和協(xié)作，&rdquo;李說。這項(xiàng)工作得到了<a href="https://biox.stanford.edu/research/seed-grants/interdisciplinary-initiatives-program-seed-grant-closed-loop-neurochemical" target="_blank" rel="noopener">斯坦福大學(xué)Bio-X種子基金</a>和吳蔡神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所<a href="https://neuroscience.stanford.edu/research/funded-research/stanford-brain-organogenesis-program-phase-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">神經(jīng)科學(xué)大創(chuàng)意基金的支持</a>，這兩項(xiàng)基金都鼓勵(lì)跨學(xué)科合作。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGgeCg2sigIW86RPneONtAc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6akQkQqqqM4uyeIcgZDH1e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究小組將NeuroString植入了同一只小鼠的大腦和腸道。當(dāng)他們給小鼠喂食巧克力糖漿時(shí)，NeuroString檢測到大腦中多巴胺的峰值和腸道中血清素的峰值 - 兩者都是對巧克力的預(yù)期反應(yīng)。多巴胺是在大腦中產(chǎn)生的，而血清素主要是在腸道中產(chǎn)生的。在另一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，與健康小鼠相比，NeuroString在腸道炎癥小鼠中檢測到腸道血清素的獨(dú)特模式。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnc0MwS0QWkQgqIxZLhGVfqc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmwyA8kQSWm0cHGuSFwSpzf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&ldquo;我們第一次看到來自探測器的信號是一個(gè)尤里卡時(shí)刻，&rdquo;共同作者，生物學(xué)副教授<a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/xiaoke-chen" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Xiaok Chen</a>說。&ldquo;在自由移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物中慢性記錄多巴胺和血清素信號是我們一直想做的夢想實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過這種美好的合作，我們能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnC88SMM20IyMeCu6lS6FDQb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuqcM64wMU2K4eshmqqgifc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">植入的小鼠行為和飲食正常，排便正常。&ldquo;關(guān)于該工具令人興奮的事情是，它似乎沒有破壞組織的正常功能，&rdquo;共同作者，醫(yī)學(xué)教授<a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/aida-habtezion" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Aida Habtezion</a>說。這意味著植入物有朝一日可以用于人類的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測，類似于智能手表，但能夠跟蹤生化水平，而不是心率或步數(shù)，她說。Habtezion目前正在休假，并擔(dān)任輝瑞公司的首席醫(yī)療官，但在她還在斯坦福大學(xué)時(shí)就為這項(xiàng)工作做出了貢獻(xiàn)。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0eWueU2wCIc6MZ6RVihMce" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnCgwA6gSOQ0gaSoaQycjE9B" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;71b8af4c-7833-4632-a2f3-5dd6d212ed23&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1550,&quot;width&quot;:1550,&quot;currHeight&quot;:1550,&quot;currWidth&quot;:1550,&quot;natrualHeight&quot;:1550,&quot;natrualWidth&quot;:1550,&quot;pluginName&quot;:&quot;imageUpload&quot;,&quot;scale&quot;:1,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnbfLXSSfOVYceS0BhLdEvBb%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnCgwA6gSOQ0gaSoaQycjE9B%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image&quot;,&quot;file_token&quot;:&quot;boxcnbfLXSSfOVYceS0BhLdEvBb&quot;,&quot;image_type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:3383908,&quot;comments&quot;:[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657695335612/1657695335612.png" width="807" height="808" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKgGcW2KScYSYYNbrmjgOyf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>照片由Stanford Bio-X拍攝：Zhenan Bao博士（左）和Xiaok Chen博士在實(shí)驗(yàn)室。</em></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnokKs6wE2AwacIFDZapinUb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcne4GI2gSkkaG2y02dtXItvh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">跟蹤腸道中的血清素水平可能有助于診斷和監(jiān)測腸道疾病，如腸易激綜合征。跟蹤大腦中的多巴胺水平可能對帕金森病有用，帕金森病是由缺乏多巴胺引起的。帕金森病的治療方法之一，深部腦刺激，部分通過刺激神經(jīng)元產(chǎn)生更多的多巴胺來起作用。如果深部腦刺激器可以與NeuroString配對，這將使醫(yī)生能夠精確控制釋放的多巴胺量。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncWAmOW6oIACQqlTH7mnsDG" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOSQMaQ0SUSiUEZw0WMyNxf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">植入物尚未準(zhǔn)備好用于臨床。首先，探頭仍然連接到讀出信號的電線上;需要一個(gè)無線版本才能用于人類。與此同時(shí)，探測器在研究中有許多用途。例如，像百憂解這樣的抗抑郁藥通過調(diào)節(jié)血清素水平起作用，這可能解釋了為什么它們有時(shí)會(huì)引起胃腸道副作用，Chen說。&ldquo;我們現(xiàn)在擁有的工具可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測這些藥物對小鼠模型中大腦和腸道血清素波動(dòng)的影響。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSkqAQIM4cuwwiM6VIjNNKc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">&nbsp;</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwc48U4aMc46gleIfkmaEdj" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">他補(bǔ)充說：&ldquo;現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)證明探測器是有效的，我們想要解決一長串生物學(xué)問題。</span></div> </div>